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It has been debated a lot about whether to keep discus fish in hard water or soft water. People have had su

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

ccess with both methods so it’s not an easy answer but I will share with you, how I do things and what has

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

orked for me.

Here’s the first rule I use when buying and importing discus fish;

Match the water conditio

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

ns of your supplier.

If you follow this rule you will be at a great advantage as the discus will already b

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

accustomed to the water you provide. This will cause a lot less stress than moving discus used to hard wat

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

er into soft water. Now your water doesn’t have to match exactly but if it is about right things should be

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

K. Don’t go getting stressed if your hardness is out a couple of degrees.

Once fish are settled here’s how

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

I like to keep mine.

Young Discus

Young discus fish should not be kept in very soft water as there aren’

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

the right minerals present for good growth. They should be raised in slightly hard water with a natural ph

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

. In this water they should grow quickly and healthy. For my young discus I use tap water filtered through

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

ctivated carbon and then left in storage barrels for at least 24 hours. This will make sure all the chorine

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

is out of the water.

Adult Discus

Adult discus, once 5in should be kept in soft water but still not at b

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

eeding conditions as they may still be growing but don’t need the minerals like young discus fish. By lower

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

ing the softness and ph of the water you will trigger breeding activity between the adults and should get a

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

few breeding. For my adult discus I again use tap water filter through carbon and left to stand but I also

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

add aquarium peat. This softens the water a little and is fine because of the tap water I have. You may hav

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

to use RO water mixed with filtered tap water.

Also if using peat to soften water, make sure it is of the

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

aquarium variety. Other garden peat can contain chemicals that can harm discus fish so just be careful.

O

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

a final note, there is no right or wrong hardness to keep discus these days because they are tank bred thr

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

ough generations and have acclimatized to harder water. Just follow these guidelines and you should be fine

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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